CHECK POINT AND EXERCISE QUESTION PYHTON IN COMPUTER(BSCS)

 

CHECK POINT AND EXERCISE OF CHAPTER 3

1.1     What is a program?

Ans.A set of instruction that a follow to perform a task.When a program is created, it's compiled into a language that the computer can understand. Once compiled, the program does not need any other programs to run as long as the computer has the required operating system and platform.

 

1.2     What is hardware?

Ans. Hardware is a collective term used to describe any of the physical components of an analog or digital computer.Hardware can be categorized as having either internal or external components.

 

1.3 List the five major components of a computer system.

Ans.1.Input Unit

2.Output Unit

3.Storage Unit

4.Central Processing Unit (CPU)

5.Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

6.Control unit

 

1.4     What part of the computer actually runs programs?

Ans.The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is that part of the computer that actually runs the programs.

 

1.5 What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data

while the program is running?

Ans.Computer's work area.The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with.

 

1.6 What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is

no power to the computer?

Ans. Memory.

Secondary Storage devices of a computer system hold the data for long periods of time even when there is no power to the computer.

 

1.7 What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

Ans. Input Devices.

 

1.8 What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

Ans. Output devices are the part of the computer system that are used to present and format the data to the user or to the other devices.

1.9 What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the

computer’s hardware?

Ans.The fundamental set of programs that control the internal operations of the computers' hardware is known as an operating system

 

1.10 What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus

scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

Ans.A program that performs a certain task is known as a Utility Program.

 

 

1.11 Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers,

and game programs belong to what category of software?

Ans.(Application Software).

1.12 What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?

Ans.One Byte (8 bits).

 

1.13 What do you call a tiny “switch” that can be set to either on or off?

Ans. Bit.

 

1.14 In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?

Ans. Binary Number.

 

1.15 What is the purpose of ASCII?

Ans. ASCII Stand for (American standard code for information interchange)

ASCII is one of the coding schemes developed to store the characters in the memory.

 

1.16 What encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many of

the languages in the world?

Ans. Unicode encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many languages in the world.

1.17 What do the terms “digital data” and “digital device” mean?

Ans.Digital data-The data that is stored in a system in its binary form is known as digital data.

Digital device-The device that works with the digital data is known as digital devices such a computer system that stores all data in the binary form.

 

 

·       MCQS

1. A __________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

a. compiler

b. program

c. interpreter

d. programming language

2. The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as __________.

a. hardware

b. software

c. the operating system

d. tools

3. The part of a computer that runs programs is called __________.

a. RAM

b. secondary storage

c. main memory

e. the CPU

4. Today, CPUs are small chips known as __________.

a. ENIACs

b. microprocessors

c. memory chips

d. operating systems

5. The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that

the program is working with, in __________.

a. secondary storage

b. the CPU

c. main memory

d. the microprocessor

6. This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program

is running.

a. RAM

b. secondary storage

c. the disk drive

d. the USB drive

 

 

 

 

15. An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the

world is __________.

a. binary numbering

b. ASCII

c. Unicode

d. ENIAC

16. Negative numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

a. two’s complement

b. floating point

c. ASCII

d. Unicode

17. Real numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

a. two’s complement

b. floating point

c. ASCII

d. Unicode

18. The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________.

a. bits

b. bytes

c. color packets

d. pixels

19. If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see __________.

a. Python code

b. a stream of binary numbers

c. English words

d. circuits

 

20. In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which

operation it should perform.

a. fetch

b. decode

c. execute

d. deconstruct

21. Computers can only execute programs that are written in __________.

a. Java

b. assembly language

c. machine language

d. Python

22. The __________ translates an assembly language program to a machine language

program.

a. assembler

b. compiler

c. translator

d. interpreter

23. The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________.

a. binary instructions

b. mnemonics

c. commands

d. key words

24. The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________.

a. syntax

b. punctuation

c. key words

d. operators

25. A(n) __________ program translates a high-level language program into a separate

machine language program.

a. assembler

b. compiler

c. translator

d. utility

 

·       TRUE AND FALSE

 

1. Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as

vacuum tubes and switches.(FALSE)

 

2. Main memory is also known as RAM.(TRUE)

 

3. Any piece of data that is stored in a computer’s memory must be stored as a binary

number.(FALSE)

 

4. Images, like the ones created with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary

numbers.(TRUE)

 

5. Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.(TRUE)

 

6. Assembly language is considered a high-level language.(FALSE)

 

7. An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a highlevel

language program.(TRUE)

 

8. A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.(FALSE)

 

9. Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, and maCOS are all examples of application software.(FALSE)

 

10. Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers,

 

and games are all examples of utility programs.(FALSE)

 

·      SHORT QUESTIONS

 

1.      How does the main memory and the secondary storage of a computer differ from each

other?

Ans: Primary memory refers to the main memory which is also called RAM that is used to store data or information temperaly.

On the other hand,

Secondary storage refers to secondary storage devices that are used to store data or information for a log period of time means permanently.

 

2.      What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is

turned off represent?

Ans: A bit that is turned on represents the number 1.

A bit that is turned off represents the number 2.

 

3.       How many different characters can be represented in ASCII? Name the character set

that addresses this limitation.

Ans: The 128 or 256 character limits of ASCII and Extended ASCII limits the number of character sets that can be held. Representing the character sets for several different language structures is not possible in ASCII, there are just not enough available characters

 

4.      What is an individual instruction in a program written in a high-level programming

language called?

Ans: A compiler is a computer program that translates a program written in a high-level language to the machine language of a computer. The high-level program is referred to as 'the source code

 

5.      What are the short words that are used in assembly language called?

Ans: With assembly language, each instruction can be written as a short word, called a mnemonic, followed by other things like numbers or other short words. The mnemonic is used so that the programmer does not have to remember the exact numbers in machine code needed to tell the computer to do something

 

6.       What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

Ans: Compiler transforms code written in a high-level programming language into the machine code, at once, before program runs, whereas an Interpreter coverts each high-level program statement, one by one, into the machine code, during program run. Compiled code runs faster while interpreted code runs slower.

 

 

7.       What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware?

Ans: System software controls a computer's internal functioning, chiefly through an operating system, and also controls such peripherals as monitors, printers, and storage devices